REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PRODUCTION, TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE AND STATIONARY USE OF GREEN HYDROGEN. STATUS AND PROSPECTS

The global energy landscape is undergoing a transformation due to population growth, rising living standards, and concerns about climate change. The Paris Climate Agreement emphasizes the urgency for countries to transition to renewable energy sources. This article discusses various technologies for energy production, storage, and use, with a focus on green hydrogen as an environmentally friendly energy carrier. The article analyzes hydrogen as an energy source, presents its energy characteristics and arguments in favor of using hydrogen as a renewable fuel. The methods of hydrogen generation are presented, emphasizing that water electrolysis is currently the main and most technologically advanced method of generating green hydrogen. Detailed information on the methods of storing green hydrogen in terms of operating temperature and pressure, storage density, storage efficiency, and the present value of hydrogen storage is provided. The method of using green hydrogen in fuel cells, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), is presented with a description of electrochemical reactions, advantages and disadvantages of different types of fuel cells. A review of scientific literature on the topic of stationary applications of green hydrogen is carried out. In stationary installations, the integration of a green hydrogen subsystem into renewable energy systems can offer additional storage capabilities, which will lead to increased flexibility in meeting dynamic loads. In addition, it can lead to higher levels of self-sufficiency and higher levels of decarbonization. Efficient, smart and innovative integration of green hydrogen power systems with other technologies will contribute to more efficient use of resources and increase the flexibility, resilience and energy security of energy systems. Keywords: hydrogen, decarbonization, fuel cells, stationary energy, generation, electricity, energy carriers, energy efficiency, electrical complexes, hybrid systems.