Features of the layer-by-layer soft tissue structure of the upper face in terms of the use of hyaluronic acid-based fillers under ultrasound control

The article is devoted to a detailed study of the features of topographic anatomy of soft tissues of the upper face (forehead region, temporal region, orbital region) in the context of the application of hyaluronic acid-based fillers for aesthetic correction. The relevance of the work is due to the growing demand for minimally invasive procedures and the need to minimize the risks of severe complications such as vascular embolism and neurological disorders. Injection of fillers based on hyaluronic acid with lidocaine under ultrasonographic control with subsequent anatomical dissection was simulated during the study on 45 biological blocks of human origin, The method allowed to clarify the variability of the key neurovascular structures location in «dangerous» zones, visualize the distribution of filler in tissues according to their rheological properties and estimate the volume capacity of various anatomical spaces. Based on the obtained data, the safest and most efficient injection techniques (by 22G cannula in the subgaleal space of the forehead, supragaleal space of the temporal region, linear anterograde technique in the orbit region) and the selection of a filler with optimal visco-elastic characteristics. It is shown that the unique CPM technology and balanced rheological properties of hyaluronic acid-based fillers ensure their excellent integration into tissues, predictable distribution and high safety profile, which has been confirmed by both anatomical and clinical studies.