Aquatic vegetation in the Syra Pogonia massif, Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve (Polissia, Ukraine): classification and ecological specificity

Background. Aquatic vegetation is a sensitive indicator of wetland ecosystem conditions, particularly peat bogs. In the Syra Pogonia protected area, vegetation reflects the effects of past anthropogenic impacts (land reclamation). Given the current climate change and hydrological instability, a detailed study of aquatic vegetation is necessary. Such research helps assess the current state of phytocoenoses and supports evidence-based conservation and restoration efforts under changing environmental conditions. Materials and Methods. The study applied the phytosociological method of J. Braun-Blanquet using 14 geobotanical relevés. Data analysis involved TURBOVEG, JUICE, and RStudio. Plant communities (syntaxa) were identified via indicator species analysis with the fidelity coefficient (phi). Ecological gradients and vegetation–environment relationships were examined using PCA and NMDS. Results. The aquatic vegetation segment of the Syra Pogonia massif was studied, and the floristic structure of the inundated localities was analyzed using cluster analysis methods. Based on 14 geobotanical relevés, three associations were delineated, belonging to different classes of aquatic vegetation (Lemnetea, Potamogetonetea, Littorelletea). The results indicate ecological and syntaxonomic diversity among the aquatic communities formed under the influence of trophic status, acidity, and changes in the hydrological regime of the environment. Clear ecological gradients were revealed that divide the aquatic vegetation into three groups: oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic communities. Conclusions. The identified aquatic vegetation communities exhibit a distinct ecological specialization and a narrow affinity to specific ecotopes, shaped by abiotic environmental factors. Their spatial segregation highlights a strong indicative potential, making these communities valuable tools for biomonitoring and assessing the condition of wetland ecosystems.