Enhanced nodal staging by molecular detection of KLK3, FOLH1, and PCA3 in prostate cancer

PCR analysis of KLK3, FOLH1, and PCA3 expression enables the molecular detection of lymph-node metastasis and, when combined with standard histopathological examination, improves the accuracy and sensitivity of lymph-node staging. It also refines risk stratification for postoperative BCR, particularly by identifying pathologically node-negative patients at increased risk. Molecular lymph-node assessment based on these markers may therefore serve as a useful prognostic tool to guide adjuvant treatment decisions, although larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.