Search for a command to run...
The limited availability of good-quality semen necessitates the efficient utilization of available high-quality semen to optimize reproductive outcomes. Minimizing the discard rate of poorquality semen can significantly improve the utilization of elite sires and, therefore, enable more widespread dissemination of superior germplasm. Nanoparticles assisted spermatozoa selection is cutting-edge technique hold promise in the field of semen biology. In this context, the use of nanoparticles for spermatozoa selection has emerged as a promising approach to improve semen utilization efficiency in animals. Nanoparticle-based selection techniques enable the targeted isolation of functionally competent spermatozoa based on specific biophysical and biochemical characteristics, such as membrane integrity, surface charge, motility, and DNA integrity. This approach aims to enrich semen doses with high-fertility sperm while reducing the discard rate of poor-or marginal-quality ejaculates. Consequently, nanoparticle-assisted sperm selection has the potential to enhance fertilization efficiency, improve conception rates, and facilitate the wider dissemination of superior germplasm from elite sires under field and laboratory conditions. The paucity of good quality semen has contemplated for efficient utilization of available quality semen. Recent trend to design procedures or refine methodologies in order to maximize the production of good quality semen without discarding too many poor-quality ejaculates is arising. Nanotechnology is the cuttingedge technology that hold promise in the field of semen biology. Nanopurification is one such technique which is used to separate dead and damaged spermatozoa from healthy and viable ones or cell sorting to isolate specific types of cells including gamete selection. The technique is much required to further explore. The mentioned research Topic entitled "Emerging technologies in semen processing and quality enhancement" includes 3 research papers contributed by the various researchers exploring techniques to maximize quality semen production.The promising effect of glutathione (GSH) supplemented with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to improve cryopreserved semen quality in bull has been put forward by Li et al., 2023. Both the Se and GSH have antioxidant potential and the combination might have synergistic action in their study. As a consequence, the semen quality parameters such as motility, viability, mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity along with antioxidant activity improved in cryopreserved bull spermatozoa. Besides, the embryonic development potential also improved post-supplementation of 4 mM GSH with 2 μg/ml SeNPs. However, detail study to confirm bioactivities of selenium nanomaterial and in vivo fertility of such cryopreserved semen is much needed. The promising effect of glutathione (GSH) supplementation in combination with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on improving the quality of cryopreserved bull semen has been reported by Li et al. (2023). Both selenium and GSH possess antioxidant potential, and their combined use may exert a synergistic effect.Consequently, semen quality parameters such as motility, viability, mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and antioxidant activity were significantly improved in cryopreserved bull spermatozoa. In addition, embryonic development potential was enhanced following supplementation with 4 mM GSH and 2 μg/mL SeNPs. However, detailed studies are still required to confirm the bioactivities of selenium nanomaterials and to evaluate the in vivo fertility of semen cryopreserved using this supplementation strategy.A study on bull semen by Kanwar et al. (2025) demonstrated the antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in improving semen quality and reproductive performance by reducing oxidative stress and thereby enhancing sperm function. Among the various doses tested, 20 µg/mL produced the most significant improvements in semen quality, with a marked reduction in morphological abnormalities. These findings suggest that AgNPs may serve as promising semen additives for improving the quality and fertility of cryopreserved bull semen.Study on the bull semen by Kanwar et al., 2025 demonstrates antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to improve semen quality and reproductive performance by reducing oxidative stress and thereby enhancing sperm function. While testing various dosage, 20µg/mL produced the most significant improvements in semen quality with reduced morphological abnormalities.The findings from the study suggest AgNPs as promising semen additives for improving quality and fertility of cryopreserved.The uncontrolled use of antibiotics leading to antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a serious concern for both human and animal health. Basioura et al. (2025) aimed to examine the effects of insemination without antibiotics on the future reproductive efficiency of sows. In this approach, a single-layer centrifugation protocol using a low-density colloid was employed as an alternative to antibiotic-containing extenders. This method effectively minimized bacterial contamination while achieving fertility outcomes comparable to those obtained with extenders containing antibiotics. The authors concluded that although the technique is time-consuming and incurs additional costs for semen dose production, the extra time and expense are justified in light of the urgent need to identify viable alternatives to antibiotics.The uncontrolled use of antibiotics leading to resistance has outgrown as a serious problem for both human and animal health. Basioura et al., 2025 aimed to examine the effect of insemination without antibiotics on the future reproductive efficiency of sows. In this approach, single-layer centrifugation protocol with a low-density colloid was utilized as an alternative to extenders containing antibiotics. The method successfully minimized bacterial contamination and had similar fertility as with extender containing antibiotics. They concluded that though the technique is time-consuming and require extra cost for semen dose production but considering necessity to find antibiotics alternatives; the extra cost and time needed is justifiable.Improving the quality of cryopreserved semen and maximizing the use of genetically valuable sires are major priorities for livestock breeders. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in semen damage healthy and viable spermatozoa, thereby reducing sperm quality.Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative frontier in semen biology, offering highprecision tools for enhancing sperm quality, gamete selection, and long-term preservation. The antioxidant properties of certain nanoparticles (e.g., selenium and silver) can reduce oxidative stress, thereby improving post-thaw semen quality and fertility. In addition, the inclusion of antibiotics in semen extenders raises concerns due to the increasing risk of antimicrobial resistance. Methods that reduce or remove bacterial contamination from extended semen may enable the use of antibiotic-free extenders. We firmly believe that the application of nanotechnology, along with antibiotic-alternative approaches, will contribute to improved semen quality and fertilizing ability.Improving cryopreserved semen quality and maximizing the use of genetically valuable sires are the highest priorities for livestock breeders. High level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in semen damages healthy and live spermatozoa and hence reduces sperm quality. Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative frontier in semen biology, offering high-precision tools for enhancing sperm quality, gamete selection, and longterm preservation. The antioxidant activity of certain nanoparticles (Se and Ag) reduces level of oxidative stress and therefore improves post-thaw semen quality and fertility. In addition, antibiotics as a component of semen extender raises concern due to increasing risk of antibiotic resistance. The methods employing removal or reduction of bacterial contamination from extended semen perhaps help to prepare antibiotic free extender. We firmly believe that application of nanotechnology and antibiotic alternative approach certainly will improve the semen quality and fertilizing ability.