Human resource analytics, ESG integration and sustainable value creation in small business communities

Purpose Small businesses increasingly face the dual challenge of digital transformation and sustainability. This study aims to examine how human resource analytics (HRA) contributes to sustainable workforce management, employee retention and environmental, social and governance (ESG) integration in small business ecosystems. Grounded in the resource-based view (RBV) and human capital theory (HCT), the research conceptualizes HRA as both a strategic resource and a capability-building mechanism that drives sustainable value creation and resilience in enterprising communities. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a systematic literature review of 132 academic and policy sources published between 2010 and 2024, drawn from Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight and Google Scholar. The analysis synthesizes evidence into a conceptual framework linking HRA adoption, workforce sustainability, ESG alignment and small business growth. The methodology follows PRISMA guidelines and identifies adoption barriers, policy enablers and community-based mechanisms supporting sustainable workforce development through HR analytics. Findings The results show that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using HR analytics achieve higher workforce productivity, lower turnover and stronger ESG performance through data-driven HR practices. HRA enhances sustainability by integrating diversity, well-being and environmental metrics into decision processes. Community-based collaborations and policy incentives facilitate SME adoption, enabling shared learning, cost reduction and the creation of sustainable value networks that align business growth with social and environmental impact. Originality/value This study uniquely bridges HR analytics, ESG integration and sustainable value creation in small business communities. It advances theory by combining RBV and HCT within a sustainability-oriented framework and provides practical insights into how SMEs can leverage analytics for long-term competitiveness and social responsibility. The paper contributes to the growing body of research on data-driven sustainability and enterprising communities.