Utilizing the COM-B model to identify childhood routine vaccination barriers and uptake among parents and caregivers living in the frontline and Zakarpattia regions of Ukraine amidst Russia’s full-scale invasion

Ukraine faces heightened risks of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks due to war-related disruptions, limiting vaccination opportunities despite strong parental motivation. Improving access to services, increasing vaccine availability, providing tailored public health education, and conducting further research are needed to strengthen routine immunization among children.