Toward Individualized High-Intensity Interval Training in Type 1 Diabetes: A Framework for Safe Implementation

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is presented as a safe, effective, and time-efficient strategy for individuals with type 1 diabetes, offering benefits for glycemic control, cardiovascular function, and physical fitness, with a lower risk of hypoglycemia than other exercise modalities. However, substantial variability exists among protocols, and there is no consensus on optimal dosage. This study reviewed 18 investigations to identify key parameters for safe and effective implementation. Results emphasize the importance of individualized programming, adherence to protocols, frequent glucose monitoring, and professional supervision. A preliminary framework is proposed to guide personalized HIIT programs for people with type 1 diabetes.