Perfil sociodemográfico da mortalidade por leucemia mieloide aguda nas regiões do Brasil: um estudo ecológico

Background and Objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although a rare neoplasm, is the most common and aggressive type of the disease in adults. To date, no studies have analyzed the profile of acute myeloid leukemia in the general population across the entire Brazilian territory for the proposed period. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of AML in the five regions of Brazil between 2014 and 2023. Methods: This is an ecological study based on the Mortality Information System (SIM) available in DATASUS. Deaths for which the underlying cause was classified as acute myeloid leukemia were selected across the Brazilian regions for the period from 2014 to 2023. The variables included were age group, sex, race, year of death, and educational level. After data collection, the information was organized in an Excel spreadsheet, and descriptive statistics were performed. Results: A total of 33,596 deaths were recorded during the period, with a predominance in the Southeast Region (47.7%) and a progressive increase in deaths, peaking in 2023. Higher mortality was observed among men (52.5%), white individuals (61%), those aged 70 to 79 years (21.1%), and individuals with 8 to 11 years of schooling (23.9%). Conclusion: Thus, the importance of this research is highlighted in guiding effective public policies for the most affected populations and regions, with the aim of reducing mortality through early therapy and the optimization of healthcare resources.