Effectiveness of Play-Based Therapy on Gross Motor Development in Developmental Coordination Disorder

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting motor coordination, daily activities, academics, and physical activity in children. Traditional therapy often relies on repetitive exercises, which can reduce engagement. Play-based therapy (PBT) incorporates motor skill training into enjoyable play, enhancing motivation and functional outcomes. Research on PBT in Pakistan is limited. This study evaluated a 12-week PBT program for 60 children aged 6–10 years with DCD in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Participants were divided into an intervention group (n = 30) receiving twice-weekly 60-minute PBT sessions and a control group (n = 30) receiving standard care. Gross motor function (GMFM-88) and motor coordination/balance (MABC-2) were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. Results showed significant improvements in the intervention group. GMFM-88 scores rose from 56.7 ± 8.1 to 68.4 ± 7.3 post-intervention, remaining stable at 67.9 ± 7.6 at follow-up, while controls showed minimal change. MABC-2 scores improved from 61.4 ± 6.5 to 72.8 ± 5.9 (follow-up 71.9 ± 6.1). Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant group × time effects (GMFM: F(2,116)=11.42, p<.001, η²=.16; MABC-2: F(2,116)=9.87, p=.002, η²=.14). PBT proved effective, engaging, and culturally adaptable, leading to high adherence and meaningful motor gains. Limitations include small sample size, short follow-up, and non-randomized design. Future research should explore long-term outcomes, larger randomized samples, and psychosocial benefits. These findings support integrating enjoyable, culturally relevant play-based strategies in pediatric rehabilitation.