Elements of Logistic Sustainability in Tactical Operations with National and Multinational Participation

Abstract Logistical sustainability at the tactical level represents the ability of manoeuvre units to maintain the flow of essential resources ‒ such as rations, ammunition, fuel, and equipment ‒ under varying operational pressures, losses, and distances, thereby ensuring continuity and efficiency in both offensive and defensive operations. This article proposes a simplified mathematical model based on the R–A–L–T variables (Resources, Adaptability, Losses, Time) to assess logistical sustainability in complex tactical scenarios. The study integrates NATO doctrinal analysis, Just-in-Time principles, and emerging technologies to optimize supply flows. The methodology is based on a case study using hypothetical data focused on two tactical combat units, for which logistical variables are quantified along primary and secondary lines of effort. The results are compared and interpreted to highlight differences in sustainability between defensive and offensive operations. The study provides a scientific basis for planning and conducting integrated tactical operations while ensuring continuous and adaptable logistical support in order to achieve the desired end state.