Early-life adversity before age 5 is associated with reduced cardiometabolic health characterized by increased arterial stiffness and inflammation in adolescence.

These findings suggest that ELA may play increase the risk of future cardiometabolic health, especially related to inflammation and arterial stiffness, reinforcing the need for timely interventions during this sensitive developmental stage. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).