In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility and degradation of human blood-derived scaffolds by seeding of mouse embryo fibroblasts

This study highlights the biocompatibility and biodegradability of a novel blood-derived scaffold for regenerative medicine. The scaffold supports cell integration, reduces immune rejection risks, and offers potential as a customizable solution for tissue repair and regeneration. As an autologous scaffold, it offers significant advantages, including reduced risk of immune rejection and improved integration with host tissues. These findings lay the foundation for further investigation of this scaffold as a safe and customizable solution for tissue repair and regeneration in clinical settings. The key objective was to evaluate the interaction of a novel blood-derived scaffold with mouse embryo fibroblasts for potential clinical use. Scaffolds prepared from human donor blood were seeded with fibroblasts. Cell survival and proliferation were assessed using the MTT assay, while morphological studies were conducted via light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser confocal scanning microscopy. Biodegradation was tested in the presence and absence of enzymes. We found that fibroblasts attached and penetrated the scaffold with a density of 1 cell per 10³ µm² (≈1,000 cells/mm²). Concentrations of interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor β were significantly higher in the experimental group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), whereas the levels of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha did not differ significantly between the groups. Scaffolds degraded completely in the enzyme-treated group within 48 h, while controls remained intact. Thus, we found that scaffold demonstrated in vitro biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and controlled biodegradation, supporting its clinical application in tissue engineering.