Qurʾanic Understanding of Rūḥ

Abstract This article explores the concept of rūḥ (Spirit) in the Qurʾan and its potential to foster deeper understanding between Muslims and Christians. By recognizing the linguistic and conceptual resemblance between the Arabic ruh and the Hebrew Ruach in the Old Testament, this article examines how shared theological concepts can serve as a foundation for Christian-Muslim relations. The study argues that the Qurʾanic depiction of the ruh , particularly in its life-giving role, resonates with the biblical understanding of the Spirit, providing a rich basis for interfaith engagement. However, post-Qurʾanic tafsir (commentaries) traditions, which predominantly interpret ruh as either the angel Gabriel or the human soul ( nafs ), have shaped Muslim understanding for centuries but have often constrained the broader possibilities for Muslim-Christian dialogue. These interpretations, while significant within Islamic theology, have limited the potential for theological convergence between the two traditions. This article advocates for privileging the Qurʾanic portrayal of ruh , with its rich metaphysical and symbolic dimensions, over later tafsir interpretations. This approach offers a more robust and inclusive framework for interfaith dialogue, enabling Muslims and Christians to explore shared understandings of the Spirit while respecting their distinct theological perspectives and traditions.