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Background: Preventing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) recurrence after healing is a major challenge in the remission phase. In this context, remission is not synonymous with healed; it refers to a confirmed post-healing state in which the ulcer is closed, but the individual remains at high risk of recurrence and requires ongoing preventive care. Armstrong, Boulton, and Bus suggested that DFU recurrence is about 40% at 1 year, 60% at 3 years, and 65% at 5 years and argued that limb preservation should follow a long-term “survivorship” model similar to cancer care. However, these estimates combine heterogeneous follow-up intervals and definitions, and there is limited work focusing specifically on the first 12 months after confirmed remission. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library were performed on 16 December 2025. Eligible studies enrolled adults with diabetes in confirmed remission after a healed DFU and reported an exact 12-month recurrence outcome (n/N or Kaplan–Meier estimate). Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program and Joanna Briggs Institute tools, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Twelve-month recurrence proportions were pooled using a random-effects model on the logit scale, and results were interpreted cautiously due to the limited number of eligible cohorts. Results: Across three cohorts with confirmed remission at baseline (total n = 469) and an exact 12-month outcome, the pooled 12-month recurrence proportion was 29.3% (random-effects; 95% CI 24.9–34.1), i.e., about one in three. Although this estimate is lower than the widely cited ~40% 1-year recurrence benchmark, it reflects a strictly defined remission population and a fixed 12-month timepoint, rather than mixed follow-up intervals or less precise definitions. Conclusions: Approximately one in three adults in remission after a healed DFU develop a recurrent ulcer within 12 months. Because this estimate is based on a small number of cohorts and on strictly confirmed remission, it should be interpreted cautiously and should not be generalized to all individuals with a healed DFU. These findings support prevention-focused surveillance and ongoing risk management during remission. Larger, preregistered multicenter cohorts with standardized remission and recurrence definitions are needed to refine short-term recurrence estimates and inform survivorship-style models of care.