Dry eye disease in young and middle-aged adults

According to publications from 2016-2025, the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) based on the assessment of clinical signs and symptoms in young and middle-aged adults may exceed 30.8-41.43%, while based on symptoms the prevalence ranges from 41.5% to 55%, highlighting the need for further evaluation and investigation. In these age groups, evaporative DED (DEWS II criteria), corresponding to hypersecretory DED, is more commonly diagnosed. One of its major risk factors is computer vision syndrome, which leads to increased tear film evaporation due to reduced blink rate, an increased number of incomplete blinks, and the development of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Other DED risk factors may include exogenous and systemic stimuli, as well as changes of the ocular surface, including MGD. This article presents an analysis of data on the epidemiology and clinical features of DED in young and middle-aged adults, as well as potential therapeutic strategies, including elimination of modifiable risk factors, differentiated tear replacement therapy, anti-inflammatory treatment, and eyelid hygiene, including the use of Blepharogel Ochischenie cleansing gel, Blepharolosion lotion, Blepharosalfetka wipes, Blepharogel 1, Blepharogel 2, and Blepharogel Forte.