Design and Investigation of Intelligent Reflecting & Refracting Surface (IRRS) for Future 6G Communication

In this study, we propose the design and performance analysis of an electronically reconfigurable Intelligent Reflecting and Refracting Surface (IRRS) for next-generation 6G wireless communication systems. Our objective is to achieve simultaneous control of reflected and transmitted electromagnetic waves within a single, compact structure operating in the FR-3 frequency band (7-24 GHz). We design a self-complementary periodic unit cell based on Babinet's principle to achieve polarization-dependent reflection and transmission using a single-layer structure. We integrate PIN diodes into the unit cell to enable electronic switching and realize 1-bit phase control (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0^{\circ} / 180^{\circ}$</tex>) for both reflected and transmitted waves. By changing the diode states, the proposed IRRS supports dualpolarized operation at some frequencies and single-polarized reflect-refract operation at others. Full-wave simulations validate the polarization-selective characteristics and phase reconfiguration across the FR-3 band. The compact, passive, and single-layer design makes the proposed IRRS suitable for adaptive beam control and interference mitigation in future 6G wireless environments.