Evolutionary processes shaping wild-to-domesticated plant complexes: insights toward the conservation of agrobiodiversity

Abstract Plant domestication is a key evolutionary process that has shaped global agrobiodiversity. While most research focuses on contrasting wild relatives and domesticated varieties exhibiting pronounced domestication syndromes, relatively little attention has been given to the diversity within the wild-to-domesticated continuum. This paper presents a framework for understanding these populations and highlights the importance of overlooked populations within the domesticated spectrum. The paper explores the evolutionary processes—both natural and human-mediated—that shape wild-to-domesticated complexes, emphasizing gene flow as a key evolutionary force. Additionally, we examine the legal considerations surrounding the conservation and management of these systems, addressing the regulatory challenges and opportunities for preserving the wild-to-domesticated continuum. Finally, this work highlights the relevance of conservation genomics for safeguarding these interconnected systems and advocates for an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to strengthen the resilience of agricultural landscapes.