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Driven by the dual national strategies of ecological civilization and sustainable development, ecosystem service value (ESV) has become a key indicator for evaluating regional sustainability and the effectiveness of ecological governance. Using 30-m resolution land-cover data (2024 baseline) and the modified equivalent factor method developed by Xie Gaodi and colleagues, this study quantified ESV in Hebei Province, China, from 2014 to 2023 and systematically examined its dynamic characteristics in terms of temporal evolution, spatial differentiation, change rates, sensitivity and Global spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results show that: (1) the total ESV in Hebei followed a three-stage trajectory-decline in the early period, rebound in the middle period, and a adjustment in the late period-indicating pronounced ecological restoration outcomes under strong policy interventions. (2) The spatial distribution of ESV consistently exhibits a pattern of higher values in the north and lower values in the south, with mountainous areas markedly outperforming the plains. Global Moran’s I analysis confirms overall positive spatial autocorrelation, indicating that this latitudinal gradient is characterized by significant spatial dependence and temporal stability. Local indicators of spatial association (LISA) further reveal that high–high clusters are predominantly concentrated in the northern mountainous regions, whereas low–low clusters are prominently distributed across the urban agglomerations in the southeastern plains. Notably, during 2017–2023, significant growth poles emerged in central transitional zones, suggesting incipient spatial spillover effects. (3) Woodland was the primary driver of ESV enhancement, while grassland and water bodies exhibited steady increases. Regulating and supporting services dominated the overall value structure; within provisioning services, water supply contributed negatively and intensified over time, whereas cultural services increased slightly. (4) Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness and reliability of the ESV estimates, and the change rate displayed stage-dependent fluctuations with alternating peaks and troughs. Based on these findings, we recommend prioritizing protection of northern woodland ecological barriers, improving supply-side water resource governance, implementing differentiated territorial spatial regulation, strengthening ecological compensation mechanisms, and establishing a long-term platform for dynamic ESV monitoring. This study provides scientific evidence for consolidating ecological civilization achievements, optimizing territorial spatial planning, and promoting green transformation in Hebei Province.