Strengthening classical swine fever surveillance and control measures in the Russian Federation

Introduction. Classical swine fever (CSF) remains a critical challenge in global pig production. In the Russian Federation the last reported outbreak occurred in 2020 among wild boar populations, but the risk of re-emergence is sustained. To reduce the existing threats the targeted disease surveillance and control measures are needed to be improved. Objective. To analyze the current classical swine fever situation and the outcomes of epizootic monitoring in the Russian Federation, and to develop evidence-based proposals for its improvement. Materials and methods. This analysis draws upon laboratory test results from 2020 to 2024, as recorded in the “Vesta” electronic state information system (part of the FGIS “VetIS”); epidemiological data from the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH); and the official “Guidelines for planning laboratory testing and sampling to improve classical swine fever surveillance in the Russian Federation”, developed and approved by the Federal Centre for Animal Health. Geospatial data were visualized using the MapChart platform, while statistical analyses were performed with Microsoft Excel. Results. Drawing on international experience in disease eradication and control, this study outlines a phased approach for the eradication of classical swine fever in the Russian Federation, with a view toward achieving official recognition of disease-free status from the World Organization for Animal Health. The proposed disease surveillance strategy is comprehensive and multifaceted, comprising: early detection measures, including immediate notification of suspected cases, syndromic analysis, and clinical examinations with necropsies; routine monitoring at key control points, such as ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections; and confirmatory procedures, consisting of strategic sampling, laboratory diagnostics, and surveillance in sentinel units. The study further explores the prospects for a strategic transition, including the zoning of Russian territory, the phased discontinuation of immunization with live (attenuated) vaccines, and the potential introduction of marker vaccines. Conclusion. The proposed approaches are fully aligned with international standards and are specifically designed to achieve classical swine fever freedom in the Russian Federation. The full implementation of the proposed measures will significantly strengthen classical swine fever control in Russia and, consequently, enhance the export potential of the domestic pork industry.