Research on Diagnostic Techniques for Embankment Hidden Hazards Based on Reflection-Wave Imaging

Accurate identification and spatial localization of hidden hazards in embankments are essential for the reinforcement and safety management of defective structures. However, conventional drilling and single geophysical methods are often insufficient for fine-scale detection due to the strong heterogeneity of embankment materials, complex internal structures, and diverse forms of leakage-related defects. To address these challenges, this study establishes conceptual models for two representative embankment types, namely homogeneous embankments and core-wall embankments, based on reflection-wave imaging theory. The propagation characteristics and imaging responses of reflection waves in embankment media are systematically investigated. A forward-modeling approach based on the shortest-path ray tracing method is developed, and reflection-wave imaging is achieved through travel-time tomography inversion. The diagnostic results show that the proposed reflection-wave imaging method can effectively delineate the spatial distribution and geometric morphology of internal defects, demonstrating strong capability in identifying leakage channels and loose zones. The research provides a theoretical basis and technical support for nondestructive detection and comprehensive diagnosis of embankment hazards.