Long-term Psychological Impact and Post-tsunami Resilience Factors among the Residents of South Andaman, India: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Background: The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami affected the people of South Andaman, leaving lasting psychological scars in addition to physical devastation. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 22 tsunami survivors in South Andaman, India. Data were collected using a semi-structured guide and were analysed thematically with NVivo software. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and interviews conducted in local dialects, Hindi and Bengali. Results: Key findings included persistent anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, disrupted education and sleep disturbances. Family structure disruption, lack of healthcare support and rehabilitation challenges were also reported. However, community resilience, local governance and non-governmental organisation assistance significantly aided recovery. Demographic diversity enriched the study and themes covered mental health, educational disruption, government response and community support. Conclusions: Even two decades after the event, tsunami survivors experience lasting psychological effects. While government aid was appreciated, gaps were evident. Community cohesion and support networks played a crucial role. Mental health strategies must integrate community participation and cultural sensitivity for effective disaster preparedness.