Beyond Biology: Global Trends, Socio‑Technological Drivers, and Demographic Consequences of Sex Ratio Imbalance at Birth

Sex ratio at birth (SRB) is a key demographic indicator reflecting gender balance within a population. Under natural biological conditions, the global SRB ranges between 103 and 107 male births per 100 female births. This study examines global trends in sex ratio imbalance using demographic datasets from the United Nations World Population Prospects. The research integrates statistical trend analysis with socio‑economic interpretation to evaluate the influence of technological access, cultural norms, and fertility transitions on gender distribution at birth. Results indicate that persistent gender imbalance may produce long‑term demographic consequences including marriage market distortions, migration pressures, and social instability. Policy strategies including technological regulation, gender equality programs, and demographic monitoring are discussed.