Long-term Outcomes after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for T1 Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Study

ESD alone appears appropriate for low-risk T1 CRC, with no recurrence or disease-specific mortality observed, suggesting that intensive surveillance is unnecessary after curative ESD. In high-risk T1 CRC, additional surgery could prevent local recurrence; however, its impact on distant metastasis and DSS remains unclear.