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Abstract The Amazonian palm, Oenocarpus bataua , is a popular palm used for food and medicinal purposes. Due to its widespread use and therapeutic potential, this species was investigated to identify its phytochemical compounds and correlate them with the associated pharmacological activities. This data was then organized and presented in this study to provide an overview of different aspects of this plant species. This review examines the current research landscape surrounding this Amazonian species through a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature. It consists of an analysis of articles published up to 2025 found in the following virtual databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science, using the descriptors: “ Oenocarpus bataua , chemical composition and pharmacological activity” and their combinations, refining the findings with the Boolean operators AND and OR. O. bataua contains a wide diversity of bioactive components, being rich in nutrients and polyphenols. Its extracts have also been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antienzymatic, and antimalarial activity. Therefore, understanding these aspects may provide new perspectives for the development of dietary and pharmacological interventions aimed at preventing or treating specific disease pathologies and improving quality of life. Despite the nutritional, functional, and pharmacological value previously described for this plant species, it still remains vastly unexplored, which presents a significant opportunity for further research aimed at product development. There is a need to delve deeper into the chemical profile, biological activity and safety of this interesting Amazonian palm tree. Graphical abstract