Clinicopathological Spectrum and Correlation of Uterine and Cervical Lesions: An 18-Month Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Center in North India

Background: Uterine and cervical lesions constitute a major proportion of gynecological morbidity. These range from inflammatory and benign conditions to premalignant and malignant neoplasms. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. Objectives: To evaluate the clinicopathological spectrum of uterine and cervical lesions, analyze their age distribution, and assess clinicopathological correlation. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted over 18 months in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 280 uterine and cervical specimens were included. Specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Diagnoses were categorized into non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained. Results: The majority of patients were in the 41–50-year age group (33.93%). Abdominal pain (41.07%) and abnormal uterine bleeding (37.14%) were the most common complaints. Chronic non-specific cervicitis (52.86%) was the most common histopathological finding, followed by leiomyoma (27.50%). Squamous cell carcinoma constituted 5.36% of cases. Conclusion: Inflammatory and benign lesions predominate among uterine and cervical pathologies. Histopathological examination remains indispensable for accurate diagnosis and early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions.