Seroprevalence and associated factors of Helicobacter pylori among Somali University students: a cross-sectional study

Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) seropositivity remains a major public health concern in low and middle-income countries, including Somalia. Young adults, particularly university students, represent an understudied group despite potential exposure to lifestyle and environment-related risk factors. This study assessed the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies and associated factors among students at Abrar University in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 149 students. Serum IgG antibodies were tested using ELISA which reflects previous exposure rather than active infection. Data on demographics, dietary habits, sleep patterns, and environmental exposures were collected using a validated questionnaire. Univariable logistic regression was used to assess associations. Results The overall H. pylori seroprevalence was 56.4%. Associations were observed between seropositivity and spicy food consumption (OR = 2.1, p = 0.05), irregular sleep (OR = 1.8, p = 0.02), and shared drinking water sources (OR = 1.7, p = 0.04). Conclusion H. pylori seropositivity was common among the study population. Lifestyle and environmental factors were associated with seropositivity; however, results should be interpreted cautiously as serology does not indicate active infection.