Recreational and Physical Activities among Adolescent Girls in Central Rural India – A Gender Inquiry Using Qualitative Research Methods

Abstract Background: Recreational activities are essential for physical and mental well-being, yet rural adolescent girls often face gender-based barriers to participation, increasing their risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methodology: A qualitative study using Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) techniques – including daily activity schedules, force field analysis (FFA), Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted. Thematic analysis identified key themes, while force field analysis ranked enablers and barriers based on participant weightage. COREQ-32 items checklist was used for reporting of the findings. Results: Adolescent girls engaged in diverse recreational activities (indoor/outdoor games and cultural activities), recognising benefits such as improved fitness and emotional well-being. However, excessive mobile use and boredom were the noted drawbacks. Key facilitators included education, family support and school encouragement, while major barriers were academic pressure and gendered household responsibilities. Conclusion: Despite awareness of recreation’s benefits, rural adolescent girls’ participation is limited by sociocultural norms, household duties and inadequate school/community facilities. Gender remains a critical determinant in access to recreation, although gradual shifts are occurring. Interventions should address structural barriers to promote equitable recreational opportunities.