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<h3>Background and Importance</h3> Oral antineoplastic agents have transformed the management of haematological malignancies, increasing patient autonomy and convenience. However, adherence remains a major challenge as patients assume greater responsibility for their own treatment. While there is some evidence on interventions to improve adherence, findings for haematological cancer populations are limited and heterogeneous. <h3>Aim and Objectives</h3> The objective of this systematic review is to analyse current scientific evidence on strategies to improve adherence to oral antineoplastic therapy in patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, or multiple myeloma. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> A systematic review was conducted in June 2025 according to PRISMA criteria. The search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE. Studies were included if they were original publications (controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control, or prospectively/retrospectively designed) in English or Spanish published in the last 10 years, focused on adult patients with haematological malignancies receiving oral antineoplastic therapy, that evaluated interventions to improve adherence. Risk of bias was evaluated using RoB-2, ROBINS-I, NOS, and CHEERS tools. <h3>Results</h3> Of 215 records identified (98 published in the last 5 years), after screening, six studies met inclusion criteria, investigating the impact of: educational programmes, pharmacist-led follow-up, medication diaries, blister pack use, and smart pill bottle technologies. All interventions demonstrated improvements in adherence versus control. Statistically significant results were observed for pharmacist-managed follow-up among patients with medication possession rates below 90% (p<0.0446). Multidisciplinary interventions increased adherence by 1.5% (p=0.04). The combined use of smart dosing systems and pharmacist involvement achieved median adherence of 100% (p=0.001). Medication diaries enabled adherence rates exceeding 95% in intervention groups, with significant differences compared to control(p=0.001). Blister packaging and multidisciplinary programmes likewise enhanced adherence and proved cost-effective in some settings. Quality appraisal revealed five studies had high or serious risk of bias, largely due to issues with participant selection and confounding variables. Although interventions consistently improved adherence, current evidence is constrained by methodological limitations. <h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3> Educational and technological strategies, especially pharmacist-led multidisciplinary programmes, appear effective in improving adherence to oral antineoplastic agents among haematological patients. Higher-quality randomised trials are needed to clarify effects on adherence and related clinical and economic outcomes. <h3>Conflict of Interest</h3> No conflict of interest