Assessing Viticultural Parameters and Wine Quality in Relation to Climate Conditions

This study evaluates viticultural parameters of the Golia grape variety in relation to variable climatic conditions over the 2020–2024 period and analyzes their impact on wine quality. The data show significant climatic variability, with warming trends causing earlier flowering and ripening by 11–13 days. Grape production varied depending on climatic conditions, with 2021 and 2024 recording the highest number of shoots per trunk and increased fertility in 2024. Low winter temperature led to reduced bud viability and affected the overall health of the vines and harvest yields. Average annual precipitation, especially from the growing season, significantly influenced actual yield (AY), while higher annual temperatures and sunshine duration (Sun) resulted in lower grape weight. Greater sugar concentrations accumulated in years with higher temperatures, while higher acidity levels registered at lower temperatures. Higher precipitation (Pp) coupled with thermal accumulation promoted higher dry extract and alcoholic strength (AS), significantly enhancing the perception of honey notes (R2 > 0.7, p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, higher thermal regimes negatively impacted the expression of delicate aromatic compounds, diminishing specific notes such as rose and exotic fruits.