Evaluation of Walk Access Environment around Metro Stations from Pedestrians’ Perspectives Using an Integrated Revised IPA Fuzzy <i>c</i> -Means Clustering Technique

The current study employs an integrated revised importance-performance analysis (IPA) and fuzzy c-means clustering approach to evaluate user perceptions and identify priority areas for enhancing the walk access environment around metro stations in Delhi, India. Targeting commuters who walk to metro stations, the study gathered responses from 466 users through face-to-face interviews using smart tablets. The survey respondents rated their perceived importance and satisfaction toward 12 selected service attributes on a six-point Likert scale. The derived importance of service attributes was estimated, and the fuzzy c-means clustering technique was used to generate factor structures and management scheme clusters. These clusters helped identify critical areas for intervention. The study also suggested a priority order for judicious allocation of resources to improve attributes affecting walking as an access mode to metro stations. The research outcomes indicated that Universal design considerations, followed by Illumination, Safety and security, and Extreme weather conditions, required immediate resource allocation for improvement. Footpath availability performed optimally and needed resources only for maintenance. Meanwhile, Walking comfort, Footpath width, Signage, and Access time were relatively at a lower priority for resource allocation. This study can offer valuable insights for urban planners, policymakers, and transport officials to develop strategies to enhance walk accessibility to metro stations and promote active transportation.