Clinical Profile of Seizures in Patients Aged 1 Month to 12 Years Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Seizures are one of the most common neurological emergencies in the pediatric age group and represent a frequent cause of hospital admission. The etiological spectrum of seizures in children varies widely depending on age, underlying neurological conditions, infections, metabolic disorders, and genetic predisposition. Early identification of the cause and clinical pattern is essential for prompt treatment and prevention of long-term neurological complications. Aim: To study the clinical profile, etiological factors, and patterns of seizures in children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted to a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Tripura Medical College and Dr. BRAM Teaching Hospital, Hapania, Agartala, Tripura, India. A total of 250 children aged between 1 month and 12 years admitted with seizures were included. Detailed history, clinical examination, and appropriate investigations such as blood tests, neuroimaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed. Data regarding demographic profile, seizure type, etiological factors, associated clinical features, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results: Among the 250 children included in the study, the majority were below 5 years of age with a male predominance. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most common seizure type. Febrile seizures and central nervous system infections were the leading etiological causes. Neuroimaging abnormalities were detected in a significant proportion of cases. Conclusion: Seizures are a common pediatric neurological emergency, particularly in younger children. Early diagnosis of underlying causes such as febrile illness and CNS infections is essential to reduce morbidity and improve clinical outcomes.