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The inherent heterogeneity of natural aggregates often compromises the reproducibility of asphalt mixture performance evaluations. To mitigate this variability, a fabrication protocol for High-Performance Cementitious Artificial Aggregates (ACA) was developed, integrating 3D printing with mold grouting techniques. Initially, the cementitious matrix was optimized via single-factor experimentation, yielding a precise mass ratio of Cement: Fly Ash: Silica Fume: Sand: Superplasticizer: Expansive Agent: Water at 100:15:2:62.4:0.45:1:28.5. Subsequently, a standardized “3D printed master–silicone replication–vacuum grouting” workflow was established, successfully capturing the micron-scale textural features of natural diabase. Physical characterization revealed that the ACA exhibits an apparent density of 2.16 g/cm 3 and a Los Angeles abrasion value of 15.2%, demonstrating robust physico-mechanical integrity. Pavement performance verification indicated that the ACA asphalt mixture achieves a dynamic stability of 5865 passes/mm, a residual stability of 86.5%, and a freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio (TSR) of 88.5%, all satisfying current specifications for high-grade highways. Critically, statistical validation utilizing Standard Deviation (SD) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) revealed that the impact toughness CV in ACA mixtures was minimized to 2.40%—significantly lower than the 16.17% observed in natural aggregates. Furthermore, an inter-laboratory study across seven facilities employing robust Z-score analysis demonstrated that ACA group Z-scores were consistently maintained within 2. This study substantiates that ACA effectively minimizes data discreteness, demonstrating its potential suitability as a candidate for a “Standard Reference Material” to enhance the standardization of road engineering testing.