Nanobubble & Plasma Water Technology in Aquaculture

Nanobubble and plasma-activated water technologies are emerging as promising tools to improve water quality, fish health, and productivity in aquaculture. The unique properties of nanobubbles, including prolonged residence time and high gas transfer efficiency, enable them to enhance dissolved oxygen levels, improve water quality, and help control pathogenic microorganisms. Plasma activated water (PAW) is produced by exposing water to non-thermal plasma and is a complex mixture of reactive species that has been successfully used in the disinfection of waters, promotion of fish growth and immunity. This review provides an overview of the principles, generation methods, and possible applications of nanobubble and plasma water technologies in aquaculture. This perspective evaluates the roles of these technologies to improve aquaculture efficiency, their opportunities and challenges and future research directions needed for this important technology advancement to help transition the aquaculture industry towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.