Biokinetic models for humans

A comprehensive account is provided of the types of biokinetic model used to represent the distribution and retention of radionuclides in the human body. This includes descriptions of the behaviour of inhaled radionuclides in the respiratory system, ingested radionuclides in the alimentary tract, and of radionuclide retention in and uptake from wounds. The retention of radionuclides after they have entered the systemic circulation is also addressed. The chapter then discusses specific aspects of the behaviour of radionuclides that are radioisotopes of elements with an important physiological role and the special considerations that arise in modelling the behaviour of Rn-222 produced in the body. Finally, inverse modelling is addressed in which data obtained by monitoring (e.g. urine and faecal assays and external whole- or part-body monitoring) are used to estimate intakes.