Factors associated with avoidable non-urgent emergency department visits in South Tyrol (Italy): a multicentre cross-sectional study

This study shows the proportion and characteristics of avoidable non-urgent ED visits. As the current primary care structures may not fully match contemporary expectations of accessibility, diagnostic reassurance, and patient-centred responsiveness, system-level interventions to reduce avoidable ED use must address reforms in primary care. Considering the structural reforms in Italy's primary care system and the establishment of community health centres, our findings provide a valuable evidence base for guiding local implementation strategies aimed at enhancing primary care responsiveness and reducing unnecessary ED utilisation.