Denmark

Denmark has developed two distinct governance models to manage large-scale public investments: one for transport infrastructure and another for state-funded information technology (IT) projects. This chapter outlines the origins, structure, and operational mechanisms of Denmark's infrastructure and IT project models, exploring their role in enhancing transparency, accountability, and delivery performance in public investment. The new infrastructure budgeting model includes pre-studies, decision basis, detailed design, tendering, and construction and commissioning. The Danish state IT project model includes idea phase, analysis phase, delivery phase, and realization phase. The New Infrastructure Budgeting was introduced to remediate cost overruns in public transport infrastructure projects. Cost estimation and budget management are crucial components in the state IT project model. Denmark is relatively open about the project portfolio status for the two models. For both models, status reports are published every six months, and several key performance indicators are followed up.