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This report analyses the human rights situation of the migrant population on the southern border of Andalusia, with a specific focus on the Humanitarian Attention Programme (PAH) and the issue of trafficking in women in the same region. The analysis is based on a review of legal frameworks and fieldwork carried out by Red Acoge, in the framework of the Global-ANSWER project, with migrants, professionals and survivors of trafficking. It highlights the importance of the human rights approach, which is necessary to move from a welfare perspective to one of structural change, recognising people as subjects of rights and not only as objects of assistance. The study underlines how vulnerability is a central concept that connects the situation of migration and human trafficking. Far from being an inherent condition of the individual, vulnerability is generated by existing circumstances and policies, such as legal status, lack of institutional transparency and scarcity of resources. It means that individual vulnerabilities are intertwined with structural systemic failures and restrictive policies, increasing the risk of exploitation and trafficking. Among the most relevant findings is the existence of rights violations at points of entry. The disconnection between the programme and reality. The lack of protection against trafficking, often invisibilised in the context of migration. Both migration policies and the lack of human rights safeguards create an environment that facilitates exploitation and trafficking. Key recommendations have focused on how to improve public policy and social intervention by strengthening the legal framework and public policies. Improve resource allocation. Ensuring access to rights and services. Institutionalising exit bridge programmes. Training and awareness-raising. More and better coordination, centralising some initiatives to guarantee the same rights and obligations to themigrant population throughout Spain. Finally, it is necessary to implement monitoring and accountability mechanisms to ensure compliance with human rights standards.