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Meiogyne wilsonii (Guillaumin) M. F. Liu & Munzinger comb. nov. Fig. 2 E, F Oncodostigma wilsonii Guillaumin, J. Arnold Arbor. 12: 224 (1931). Type: VANUATU (ex New Hebrides) • Aneityum Island, Anelgauhat Bay, lower hills in forest, 500 m, Sep 1929, J. P. Wilson 986 (lectotype P [P 00636932!], designated here; isolectotypes A [A 00066603!, A 00066604!], B [B_10_0272878!], BRI [BRI-AQ 0332769!], K [K 000691928!], LA [LA 00000046!], NY [NY 00026145!]). [Basionym] Meiogyne cylindrocarpa auct. non (Burck) Heusden: van Heusden, Blumea 38: 499 (1994), pro parte. ‘ Meiogyne cylindrocarpa (Vanuatu) ’ in Liu et al. (2025 d). Notes. Van Heusden (1994) considered this species a synonym of Meiogyne cylindrocarpa but noted that the Vanuatuan specimens differed in having globose (vs. cylindrical) monocarps. However, the immature monocarps of Meiogyne wilsonii are cylindrical (Fig. 2 F; Tuiwawa & Munzinger 2956, Munzinger 3589), which might have influenced van Heusden’s decision to merge it with M. cylindrocarpa. Our observations additionally revealed that Meiogyne wilsonii has lanceolate leaf blades and a thick pericarp (c. 2 mm), whereas Meiogyne cylindrocarpa has broadly ovate, ovate, or elliptic leaf blades and a thin pericarp (up to 1 mm). A molecular phylogenetic study (Liu et al. 2025 d) indicated that Meiogyne wilsonii (as ‘ M. cylindrocarpa (Vanuatu) ’) is more closely related to the Fijian and Tongan Meiogyne species than to M. cylindrocarpa sampled from Australia, which is morphologically similar to the type of M. cylindrocarpa from New Guinea (Fig. 1). Meiogyne wilsonii is most similar to Meiogyne habrotricha (A. C. Sm.) B. Xue & R. M. K. Saunders from Fiji in its subglobose monocarps, cordate leaf base, and pubescent branchlets but differs in its glabrous (vs. copiously velutinous-puberulent) monocarp and longer and thicker monocarp stipes (2.5–3.5 × 4–5 mm vs. 1–2 × 2–3 mm). See Table 1 for a morphological comparison between Meiogyne wilsonii and other morphologically similar species. Van Heusden (1994) and Turner (2018) erroneously indicated that the P sheet is the holotype of Oncodostigma wilsonii, possibly because van Heusden annotated the P sheet as a holotype. However, Guillaumin (1931) did not indicate a particular herbarium in which the type was deposited in the protologue, and he manually annotated “ Oncodostigma wilsonii Guillaumin, sp. nov. ” on the A, BRI, and P sheets, suggesting that he likely studied all of them. The P sheet is selected here as the lectotype, as it is the only specimen with both mature flowers and fruits on the same sheet. Preliminary conservation status. This species is known only from the Vanuatu archipelago, where it is recorded from the northern island Espiritu Santo and the southernmost island Aneityum but not from the intervening islands (Fig. 7). Like New Guinea, Vanuatu is a poorly collected region (Plunkett et al. 2022), suggesting that the current data are likely insufficient for assessing its true distribution. Therefore, it is assessed here as Data Deficient (DD).