Search for a command to run...
Benzenedicarboxamides and anthranilamides (diamides) represent innovative insecticide chemical classes specifically targeting insect ryanodine-sensitive calcium release channels (ryanodine receptors, RyR) in the endo-/sarcoplasmic reticulum of excitable cells. Ryanodine receptors are homotetrametric transmembrane protein complexes carrying diverse binding sites of low-molecular-weight effectors that modulate calcium conductivity. Diamides interact with a binding site located in the transmembrane domain close to the channel pore and induce or stabilize the calcium-conducting channel conformation. Interestingly, the binding site and the molecular mechanism of action of diamides are clearly distinct from ryanodine, the botanical insecticide after which the channel was named. The recent characterization of diamide-resistant mutations, cryo-electron microscopy, and molecular modeling has substantially enlarged the understanding of the mode of action of diamides.