Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibitors

Melanin, derived from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene, plays a crucial role in the infection process of certain filamentous fungi, such as Pyricularia oryzae , into plant tissue. As a result, enzymes involved in melanin biosynthesis present promising targets for controlling rice blast disease. Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors (MBIs) are classified based on their target enzymes into three categories: tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase and/or trihydroxynaphthalene reductase inhibitors, scytalone dehydratase inhibitors, and polyketide synthase inhibitors. MBIs have been instrumental in controlling rice blast in Asia and some Latin American countries. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the melanin synthesis inhibitors used in the management of rice blast disease.