Análisis de supervivencia y mortalidad en pacientes con lesión renal aguda admitidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can affect between 20% and 65% of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study presents a survival analysis and characterization of possible factors associated with mortality in critically ill patients who develop AKI in the ICU. Methods: A cross-sectional study that included 76 adult patients diagnosed with AKI was conducted between January and December 2022 in the ICU of the Regional Hospital of Zipaquirá, Colombia. Results: Mortality during the first 28 days was 61.8%, reaching 68.4% by day 60. The main risk factors associated with this were male gender and a SOFA score greater than 7 prior to ICU admission. Finally, the overall median survival was 13.0 days. The primary variables associated with a significant reduction in survival were age ≥ 65 years, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or coronary artery disease, an arterial pH < 7.2, and a SOFA score > 5 prior to or during the first seven days of ICU hospitalization. Conclusions: Patients who develop AKI in the ICU have a high risk of mortality, especially during the first 28 days. Early identification and proper management of the main risk factors could improve clinical outcomes in this population.