Information Field Cosmology as an Effective Theory of Gravity: A Testable Framework from Information to Observables

We propose Information Field Cosmology (IFC), a unified effective framework in which gravity and cosmological dynamics emerge from the structure and dynamics of an underlying information field. In this approach, deviations from General Relativity are parameterized through a minimal set of physically interpretable quantities, including an effective coupling strength and a characteristic energy scale of the information sector. This formulation enables a direct connection between microscopic information dynamics and macroscopic observables. A key feature of the framework is the introduction of a redshift-dependent function Xi(z), which captures the evolution of the effective gravitational coupling. This function provides a model-independent bridge between theory and observation, allowing for direct constraints using cosmological data. We demonstrate that the theory yields concrete, testable predictions across multiple observational channels, including cosmic expansion history, structure formation, and gravitational wave propagation. In particular, the framework predicts measurable deviations in standard siren observations, providing a direct avenue for empirical validation. Furthermore, we explore a novel mechanism addressing matter-antimatter asymmetry, in which localized structures of the information field act as effective sinks. These regions induce asymmetric dynamics that may lead to an apparent depletion of antimatter, offering a potential connection between cosmological evolution and fundamental information structures. The proposed framework remains consistent with current observational constraints while opening a pathway toward a unified description of gravity, cosmology, and information-theoretic foundations of spacetime. It provides a predictive, falsifiable, and extensible structure that can be systematically tested with present and future observational data.