Histological and Comparative Analysis of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Inhabiting Lake Sebu and Lake Lutayan

This study assessed and compared the histological health of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Sebu and Lake Lutayan in South Cotabato, Philippines, to evaluate environmental quality and aquaculture sustainability. Using a descriptive-comparative design, fish samples from both lakes were analyzed for gill, liver, kidney, and muscle tissue alterations, along with measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. The results revealed that tilapia from Lake Lutayan exhibited healthier organ structures, higher mean weight (182.6 ± 6.06 g), and longer length (20.2 ± 0.56 cm) compared to those from Lake Sebu (151.6 ± 5.59 g; 17.6 ± 0.55 cm). Moderate to severe liver and kidney damage were found in Lake Sebu tilapia, likely due to acidic water, low oxygen levels, and high turbidity resulting from intensive aquaculture activities. In contrast, Lake Lutayan demonstrated a more balanced ecosystem. It is therefore recommended to maintain proper stocking densities, enhance feeding and water management practices, and strengthen local policies to ensure sustainable aquaculture and the long-term preservation of lake ecosystems. Furthermore, periodic sampling at least twice a year is advised to continuously monitor fish health and water quality, thereby strengthening the reliability and validity of future assessments.