MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF THYROID GLAND TUMORS AND METHODS OF THEIR TREATMENT

Thyroid gland tumors are among the most common oncological diseases within endocrine system disorders. In recent years, the detection rate of these diseases has increased significantly worldwide. This trend is explained, on the one hand, by improvements in diagnostic methods—particularly the widespread use of ultrasound imaging—and, on the other hand, by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and exposure to radiation.In modern medicine, early detection of thyroid tumors, accurate assessment of their morphological and molecular characteristics, and the selection of individualized treatment strategies are of crucial importance for improving patient survival and quality of life. Therefore, conducting scientific research in this field remains an urgent priority.According to data from the World Health Organization, the incidence of this disease has increased several-fold over the past 30 years. Notably, forms classified as carcinoma are increasingly being observed among younger populations. Clinically, thyroid tumors are often asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms, which can lead to delays in diagnosis.