Zinc toxicokinets in rats upon subchronic administration of zinc carbonate nanoparticles stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone

Modern nanotoxicology, among the requirements for safety of newly synthesized compounds in nanoform, necessarily emphasizes the importance of studying the mechanisms of their kinetics, interaction in vivo conditions. The parameters of toxicokinetics of nanoparticles depend not only on their chemical composition, form-factor, size, solubility, but also on the stabilizer used. Biocompatible and safe nanomaterials are those that, with high bioavailability, have a reduced rate of ion release and the ability to metabolize and eliminate with minimal cumulative properties. In compliance with these requirements, zinc carbonate nanoparticles stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (ZnCNPs) were synthesized as a promising means of correcting mineral metabolism in animals and poultry. The aim of this work was to establish the dynamics of changes in the content of Zinc in rats organism under subchronic intake of ZnCNPs in different doses. For this purpose, 120 sexually mature Wistar rats were used, from which four groups of 30 males each were formed, which received a colloidal solution of ZnCNPs per os at a dose of 10 mg/kg b. w. (experimental group I), 100 mg/kg b. w. (experimental group II), and 1000 mg/kg b. w. (experimental group III) by absolute weight of the drug, the control group was administered a similar volume of distilled water for 30 days. Determination of the content of Zinc under the action of ZnCNPs was carried out on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 30th days in samples of organs and tissues of euthanized rats by the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. It was found that in animals of experimental group I, none of the studied samples showed a significant difference in the content of Zinc with the control group. In rats of experimental group II, an increase in the content of Zinc in the blood (on the 7th day by 14.6 %, and at the end of the study – by 19.6 %), in the liver (by 15.5–38.7 %), in the kidneys (by 22.5 % on the 30th day) and in the muscles (38.2 % on the 30th day) was noted. When the highest dose was administered (experimental group III), significant changes in the content of Zinc were observed, in particular, in blood it was higher than the control values by 16.9 % on the 7th day of the study, and on the 30th day – by 27.8 %; in liver it increased from 17.4 % on the 7th day to 64.0 % on the 30th day of the experiment; in kidneys – exceeded the control value during the studies by 24.8-64.6 %, and in muscles it was higher by 46.8 % at the end of the experiment. Thus, with subchronic intake of ZnCNPs, the content of Zinc in the blood of rats changed during the studies depending on the dosage and duration of intake, demonstrating the features of the toxicokinetics of the synthesized compound.