Literature Review: Community pathways to Digital Inclusion and Equity in England

This literature review examines how community-based pathways contribute to digital inclusion and equity across England, drawing together evidence from policy, practice, and research. It explores digital exclusion not only as a matter of access and skills, but as a systemic issue shaped by governance, trust, service design, representation, and local capacity. The review synthesises findings from national strategies, third-sector delivery models, local authority initiatives, and applied research to identify what works in reducing digital inequality at community level. Particular attention is given to the role of trusted intermediaries, place-based delivery, digital confidence building, and inclusive service design. Key themes include: structural and social drivers of digital exclusion the role of community organisations as access and support pathways digital inclusion beyond connectivity, including confidence, safety, and governance equity considerations across age, income, disability, migration status, and geography The paper proposes a framework for understanding community pathways as critical infrastructure for digital inclusion, highlighting gaps in current approaches and opportunities for more coordinated, evidence-led practice. It is intended to support policymakers, funders, practitioners, and researchers designing or evaluating inclusive digital strategies grounded in real-world delivery.