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Diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic condition that can lead to a variety of complications affecting different organ systems. The present chapter delves into the healing potential of 30 medicinal plants that have been highlighted in peer-reviewed studies for their roles in managing the secondary complications. These plants, related to various botanical families, such as Amaryllidaceae, Zingiberaceae, Fabaceae and Apocynaceae, have shown effectiveness against issues like diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcers, cardiovascular disease, peripheral artery disease and even neuropsychiatric conditions like depression and dementia. Notable bioactive compounds, including allicin from garlic (Allium sativum), curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma longa), andrographolide from neem (Andrographis paniculata) and eugenol from cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), provide protective benefits through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and cytoprotective properties. The findings of the study highlight the important ethnopharmacological significance of these plants and suggest their potential use as complementary treatments in the clinical management of diabetic complications.