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Currently, additive manufacturing techniques, in particular selective laser melting, are increasingly being used to produce a new generation of titanium nickelide with unique shape memory and superelastic properties. This approach allows the creation of products with complex geometric shapes that are virtually impossible to obtain using traditional metalworking methods. However, despite the obvious advantages of this method, there is an urgent need for a detailed study of the influence of selective laser melting parameters on the forming microstructure, mechanical properties, and other characteristics of titanium nickelides. Unetched polished micro-sections of titanium nickelide obtained by selective laser melting are used as samples for the study. The paper presents the results of a study using atomic force microscopy of the structural features of titanium nickelide samples before and after heat treatment. The application of this method made it possible to obtain quantitative data on the surface topography with high resolution. The sizes of grains, inclusions, and martensitic plates are measured at the micro- and nano-levels. A direct correlation between structure type and micromechanical characteristics such as deformation and elastic modulus is identified. It is shown that a methodology based on atomic force microscopy with the use of additional experimental methods and statistical data processing can be used as the basis for high-precision diagnosis of the structural and phase state of alloys. This is of paramount importance for the nuclear industry, as it not only complements traditional metallographic analysis, but also provides unique data on the behavior of materials at the nanoscale. This information is essential for substantiating the long-term operability of products under conditions of intense ionizing radiation and high thermomechanical loads, thereby ensuring the required level of reliability and safety in the operation of critical equipment.