ANALYSIS OF THE EPIZOOTIC SITUATION AND MEASURES TO PREVENT AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAKS IN THE KALUGA REGION

The objective of this study is to analyze the epizootic situation for highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Kaluga Region, including examining the sources and routes of disease spread, and to examine effective methods for diagnosing and preventing avian influenza in this region. Recorded outbreaks of H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 influenza viruses among wild and domestic birds indicate active mutation of the virus and the emergence of aggressive strains that can infect not only birds but also humans. The study documented outbreaks among Charadriiformes, which became the main source of infection in the region in 2023. Outbreaks were detected in seven districts. During the reporting period, 12 avian influenza outbreaks, located in the administrative districts of the region, were successfully eradicated. Disease control measures were carried out in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Agriculture "On approval of Veterinary rules for the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, restrictive and other measures, the establishment and cancellation of quarantine and other restrictions aimed at preventing the spread and eliminating foci of highly pathogenic avian influenza". In 2022–2023, the active spread of several avian influenza virus strains was recorded in the Kaluga Region, causing concern among agricultural specialists. Outbreaks of avian influenza were reported among owners of private farms and peasant farms, highlighting the urgency of this problem. Due to high levels of biosecurity, no outbreaks of avian influenza were reported at large poultry farms in the region. The risk of infection among poultry was minimized through the efforts of the State Veterinary Service, poultry farm owners, and public awareness campaigns in the region.